What is the primary clinical manifestation of red man syndrome caused by Vancomycin?

The primary clinical manifestation of red man syndrome due to Vancomycin is histamine release leading to pruritus and erythema. This condition typically occurs when Vancomycin is infused too rapidly, and it results in symptoms that are characterized by flushing of the skin, particularly on the upper body, and intense itching. The mechanism behind this reaction involves the release of histamine from mast cells, which leads to vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels, contributing to the symptoms.

While hypotension and increased heart rate can occur with severe allergic reactions or through other mechanisms, they are not the hallmark features of red man syndrome specifically. Joint pain is also not a recognized manifestation of this condition. Understanding the pathophysiology of red man syndrome helps in recognizing its symptoms promptly, allowing for appropriate management, such as slowing the infusion rate or premedicating with antihistamines to alleviate symptoms.