Certified Registered Nurse Infusion (CRNI) Practice Exam

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What is the primary function of Cipro in medical treatment?

Bacteriocidal efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria
Antiviral treatment for herpes viruses
Renal protective agent in AIDS patients
Fungal prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients

The correct answer is: Bacteriocidal efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria

The primary function of Cipro, which is the brand name for ciprofloxacin, lies in its effectiveness as an antibiotic, specifically demonstrating bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, key enzymes that are vital for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, and repair. Its spectrum of activity makes it particularly useful in treating infections caused by organisms such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, all of which are classified as Gram-negative bacteria. While Cipro may have some effectiveness against certain Gram-positive organisms, its primary indication focuses on Gram-negative bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, and gastrointestinal infections. Understanding this mechanism and application highlights the importance of appropriate antibiotic selection based on the organism's Gram staining characteristics during treatment.